A healthy scalp typically harbors an average of 100 thousand hairs, and it is considered normal for adults to shed 100-150 hairs per day, influenced by washing and combing habits. Hair loss can be attributed to various factors, including hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, exposure to chemical substances, genetic predisposition, systemic diseases, hair growth disorders, medication, psychological stress, and scalp diseases. In a healthy individual, a period of hair loss lasting up to 2 months may occur, repeating approximately 3 times a year. If this period extends beyond 2 months, it could indicate underlying health issues, warranting specialist assistance. The onset of hair loss typically occurs 3-4 months after exposure to triggering factors, with a return to normal expected within 6-12 months following appropriate treatment.
The life cycle of each hair is roughly divided into three phases. The growth phase, being the longest, sees hair growing approximately 1 cm per month on average. Following this phase, the hair enters a resting period lasting several weeks before transitioning to the shedding phase, which lasts about 2-3 weeks on average. During the shedding phase spanning 2-4 months, the hair loses its connection with the hair follicle and naturally falls out. While activities such as combing, brushing, and washing may expedite this process, they cannot extend it. At the conclusion of this period, even without any intervention, the hair will naturally detach and fall out.
New hair is continually produced from the hair follicle to replace the shed hair, maintaining a cycle that persists throughout one’s lifetime. At any given stage, 85-90% of the hair is in the growth phase, 1-2% is in the resting phase, and 10-15% is in the shedding phase. The acceptance of shedding up to 100 hairs a day on non-bathing days stems from the physiological understanding of this hair cycle.
Understanding these stages is crucial in comprehending why the treatment of hair loss often takes time. Each existing hair strand has a life cycle, living for 4-6 years, resting, and then falling out. Losing hair in this manner is a natural process, and it is considered normal to lose 50-100 strands of hair per day. Exceeding this amount, experiencing increased hair loss during bathing, or pulling out 3-5 strands of hair when washed and dried by hand should be taken seriously. Hair loss can result from various causes, and determining the specific cause is essential for appropriate treatment.
Common Causes of Hair Loss:
-
Genetic Factors:
- Hair loss in men is often attributed to male-pattern hormone-sensitive genetic factors, affecting more than 50% of the population. This type of hair loss is chronic and may progress with age, potentially leading to baldness. Initiating supplementary treatments, such as mesotherapies and PRP treatment, at an early age can slow down the rate of shedding and delay baldness. This type of shedding is also observed in women, especially those with a family history of baldness. Today, male-pattern hair loss, starting as early as 16-18 years old, is becoming more common in young girls, potentially influenced by factors like excessive stress, unbalanced diet, prolonged starvation, and hormonal problems. In women, success rates can be improved by incorporating hormonal treatments alongside standard approaches.
-
Skin Problems:
- Skin and internal diseases can contribute to hair loss, with skin-related issues affecting the scalp in particular. Diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, lichen disease, excessively oily skin, and fungal diseases can lead to shedding. Treating the underlying skin disease is essential to address these hair loss cases.
-
Wrong Eating Habits:
- Hair loss due to nutritional reasons is another common factor. Hair, as a living organ, requires proper nourishment and blood supply. Irregular and unbalanced diets, prolonged starvation, and consuming high-carbohydrate foods can eventually impact and cause hair loss. Practical treatment involves adopting a balanced diet.
-
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency:
- Even in the absence of nutritional problems, deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals required for hair in the blood can lead to hair loss. Low levels of B12, vitamin D, folic acid, biotin, zinc, and iron can hinder hair nourishment and contribute to hair loss. Iron supplementation, even in the absence of iron deficiency, has been shown to reduce hair loss. Correcting deficiency through specialist consultation is crucial in such cases.
-
Hormonal Problems:
- Hormonal issues, such as menstrual delays or irregularities, increased hair growth, excessive acne, accelerated weight gain, can contribute to hormonal hair loss. Consultation with a dermatologist, along with blood tests performed on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation, is recommended to identify the source of these problems. Hormonal treatments are effective in addressing such types of hair loss.
-
Some Internal Diseases and Drug Use:
- Internal diseases such as thyroid gland diseases or medications used for these diseases, rheumatic diseases, hormones, slimming pills, adrenal gland diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes, birth control pills, and sometimes discontinuation of these pills can contribute to hair loss. Thorough examination and testing by specialist doctors are necessary to investigate these causes.
-
Sudden Onset Factors:
- Sudden hair loss onset may be linked to recent surgeries, febrile illnesses, drug toxicities, blood loss, or severe trauma.
-
Birth and Chemotherapy Process:
- Specific causes of hair loss include postpartum shedding starting 2-3 months after birth, caused by the sudden loss of hair that should have been shed during pregnancy but wasn’t. Adequate supplementation under specialist control can alleviate this discomfort. Hair loss in patients undergoing chemotherapy is less common with modern drugs; however, it tends to recover spontaneously after completing the treatment.
-
Cosmetic Factors:
- Increasing cosmetic habits can contribute to mechanical, chemical, and physical hair loss. Tight hair tying, internal bonnets, excessive heat exposure during blow-drying processes, hair lightening dyes, lighteners, and straightening methods can damage hair externally and lead to hair loss. Preventing exposure to these applications is the only treatment, and applying necessary reinforcement and care processes can restore the desired appearance.
-
Stress and Depression:
- Excessive stress, similar to any disease, is another cause of hair loss. Depression, anxiety, psychoses, and the medications used in their treatment can affect hair and contribute to hair loss.
Hair, as a living organ, is susceptible to various factors in daily life that can cause rapid changes. When something goes wrong in an individual’s life, self-reflection is essential, and seeking help from a dermatologist if necessary is recommended. Misdirection and hearsay information from the environment can lead to time loss for patients. If there is an underlying cause, delayed diagnosis and treatment may occur. Additionally